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Online Companion: Fundamentals of Nursing Standards and Practice 2E
Chapter 33 examines the critical nature of the pain experience in terms of different types of pain, physiologic mechanisms, and interventions that can be used to treat pain presentations (pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic). The client who experiences acute and/or chronic pain is also subject to disturbances in comfort and sleep and this chapter explores the stages of sleep, age-related sleep variations and the effects of sleep deprivation. Although the pain experience is considered to be a subjective perception by the individual, there are physiological responses to the pain cycle that can lead to significant changes in a client’s ability to maintain homeostasis. Accurate assessment, documentation and management of a client’s pain are critical elements as defined by JCAHO standards. The importance of acknowledging the impact of the pain experience on the individual is explored as is discussion involving common myths about pain. The chapter uses the nursing process of assessment, nursing diagnosis, outcome/planning, implementations, interventions and evaluation to formulate nursing care plans for the client experiencing pain as well as altered sleep patterns. A sample care plan is provided for a client with altered sleep patterns at the end of the chapter that provides evidence of the nursing process.
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