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Online Companion: Fundamentals of Nursing Standards and Practice 2E
Chapter 36 discusses normal cognitive and sensory perceptual functioning in terms of a physiological approach that focuses on the components of the central nervous system. Sensory pathways (afferent and efferent), structure and function of the brain and cranial nerves are discussed in detail. The components of cognition are discussed (memory, judgment and emotion) in the context of levels of consciousness. The chapter further explores
factors that can affect sensation, perception and cognition such as age, environment,
lifestyle, stress, illness and medications. It then discusses sensory, perceptual
and cognitive alterations arising from deprivation as well as overload. Assessment
information is provided in the chapter focusing on neurological screening that
encompasses cranial nerve testing, mental status assessment, Glasgow Coma Scale
(GCS), functional abilities, and environment. The nursing process is used to
formulate pertinent nursing diagnoses such as disturbed sensory perception (specify
– visual, auditory, kinesthetic, gustatory, tactile, olfactory), disturbed
thought processes, social isolation and potential risk for injury. A nursing
care plan is included in the chapter that relates to the care of a client with
impaired memory. Additionally, the use of complementary therapies is discussed
as they relate to the care of a client who is experiencing altered cognition
and sensory perception.
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