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Online Companion: Fundamentals of Nursing Standards and Practice 2E
Chapter 37 examines the physiology of fluid and electrolytes and acid base balance looking at fluid compartments, specific electrolytes and acid-base parameters. Factors affecting fluid and electrolyte balance as well as acid- base balance are discussed along with clinical manifestations and nursing interventions appropriate to therapeutic treatment. The chapter further explores pertinent assessment data that is needed to accurately evaluate the client’s fluid and electrolyte and acid-base balance examining specific factors related to intake and output parameters. Diagnostic testing is explored in terms of arterial blood gases and osmolality (serum and urine). The selection of parenteral therapy solutions is also discussed in the chapter. The chapter also looks at the commonly
occurring nursing diagnoses related to fluid volume, that of fluid volume deficit
and fluid volume excess and explores interventions relative to these diagnoses
such as fluid replacement and fluid restriction utilizing the nursing process.
Specific procedures noted in the chapter are: measuring intake and output, preparing
and administering an intravenous solution, managing IV therapy and dressing
changes and administering a blood transfusion.
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