1. Shared governance incorporates the following councils except:
A. quality, research
B. education, management
C. coordinating, clinical practice
D. medical practice, quality monitoring

2. The Colorado Differential Nursing Practice Model has characterized the following career ladders:
A. entry/learning stage
B. competently demonstrates acceptable performance stage
C. proficiency stage
D. all of the above

3. Patient-focused care is a model of nursing practice that includes:
A. high quality patient care that is delivered in a cost effective way by managing human and material resources
B. a differentiated nursing practice that emphasizes quality, cost, and value
C. one nurse who is accountable for the care a patient receives during a given episode

Answers to Study Questions

1. D. Shared governance is defined as an organizational framework that uses decentralized leadership, which fosters autonomy and professional nursing practice. Staff nurses typically assume responsibility and accountability for professional practice through the formation of council models that address quality, research, education, management, clinical practice, and coordination.

2. E. The Colorado Differential Nursing Practice model define four stages of the nursing career ladder characterized as: Stage I – an entry level and early stage, Stage II – competency is demonstrated related to an acceptance level, Stage III – achievement of proficiency and Stage IV expert behaviors are practiced. The stages have specific definitions as to what behaviors and outcomes need to be exhibited over time.

3. B. In the model the manager generally assumes an expanded role managing staff from a variety of areas in order to achieve higher quality, cost effective, and value driven care.