Frequently Asked Questions
Chapter 43: Self-Concept

What are the components of self-concept?

The components of self-concept are identity, body image, self-esteem, and role performance.

Why is self-esteem most threatened during adolescence and how does self-esteem change over a life time?

Self-esteem is most threatened during adolescence because adolescence is the time when the individual struggles with self-concept issues. Adults are more self-accepting, less idealistic, and equipped with mature coping skills. The self-esteem of older people may be challenged by negative stereotypes of the elderly, role transitions, physical health problems, and a gradually diminishing social support system.

Why is reminiscence a critical factor in an older adult’s self-concept?

Reminiscence is a critical factor in an older adult’s self-concept because reminiscence helps the person identify his or her identity and roles and gain appreciation from self and others that contribute to self-concept.

How does health status relate to self-concept?

Illness can cause significant changes in self-concept. Examples are (1) the social stigma related to mental illness, AIDS, and even cancer; and (2) loss of a body part or function through illness or surgery, which can affect body image.

What are the four types of role conflict?

The four types of role conflict are (1) interrole conflict, where expectations of one role oppose expectations of another role (such as conflicts between parenting and work roles); (2) interpersonal role conflict, in which incompatible role expectations are held by one or more people (such as conflicts between a husband and wife); (3) role overload, where excessive demands of numerous roles have conflicting priorities (such as deciding what task to do first); and (4) person-role conflict, where the individual’s values are violated by the demands of a role.

What techniques can be used to promote a positive self-esteem in children and adolescents?

Self concept can be enhanced in children and adolescents by encouraging the expression of feelings, no matter the subject matter; listening well; using examples and anecdotes to promote learning; role modeling self-concept; encouraging the development of talents; celebrating accomplishments; demonstrating confidence in the client; and providing the child with unconditional love.